下面有一段摘自于一篇 cell paper 的 Statistical analysis of biological data：
All results are presented as the mean with SD unless notified specifically. Statistics were assessed using a Mann-Whitney U-test [motif enrichment], two tailed student t-test or Welch’s t-test [general comparison], Audic and Claverie test [intron retention analysis], Fisher’s exact adjusted by Benjamini/Hochberg [gene overlap]. All the GO analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were performed with Enrichr and all the adjusted p-values for GO analysis were exported from Enrichr. Markers of significance are as follows: #, p > 0.05; ∗, 0.01 < p ≤ 0.05; ∗∗, 0.001 < p ≤ 0.01; ∗∗∗, p ≤ 0.001.source: Cell, 2023, Glucose dissociates DDX21 dimers to regulate mRNA splicing and tissue differentiation
其中涉及到了大部分生信统计中的常用方法，但截至到目前我还没有搞清楚，在什么情况下，该用什么统计方法，所以，系统学习一下统计学是非常必要的（天，感觉什么都要学）。
从这一部分开始，填充统计学方法。
SPSS
作为经典的统计学软件，在学习统计学理论知识的同时，不妨在 SPSS 上进行实操，理论+实践。
